BA Internal - External

•  Undergraduate Programme

The Department offers courses in two subject areas, Pali and Buddhist Studies. After the first two semesters or the first year, students may choose to follow either the special B.A degree programme or the general B.A. degree programme. For the special and general degree requirements, please contact the Course Unit Office or the Dean's Office, Faculty of Arts.

The courses offered by the Department in each subject area are given below. Courses are taught in the Sinhala and English media.

Buddhist Studies :

Abbreviations:

C = Compulsory

O = Optional

No = Not open to General Degree Students

*1 = BST 313 Abhidhamma I

BST 314 Life of the Buddha

BST 315 Textual Criticism

*2 = BST 316 Abhidhamma II

BST 317 Buddhist Mythology

BST 318 Buddhism and Gender Issues

** = Only those Buddhist Studies Special Degree students who have followed BST 313 - Abhidhamma I.

BST 313 Abhidhamma I Not applicable

Optional Not applicable

Optional Not applicable

Semester 2 Compulsory Optional

Compulsory Compulsory

Compulsory Optional

Optional Not applicable

Optional Not applicable

400 level Semester 1 BST 401 Impact of Buddhism on the Culture of Sri Lanka Compulsory Optional

BST 402 Buddhist Psychology Compulsory Optional

BST 413 Early Mahayana Schools of Buddhism Optional Optional

BST 414 Buddhism and World Religions Optional Optional

BST 498 Dissertation Compulsory Not applicable

Semester 2 BST 410 Buddhist Logic and Epistemology Optional Optional

BST 411 Buddhist Art in a Selected Region Compulsory Optional

BST 414 Buddhist Mental Culture Compulsory Optional

BST 415 Buddhism and Society Optional Optional

BST 498 Dissertation Compulsory Not applicable

Pali Studies:

100 level Semester 1 PST 101: Prescribed Texts and Unspecified Texts Compulsory Compulsory

Semester 2 PST 102: Prescribed Texts and Fundamental Grammar Compulsory Compulsory

200 level Semester 1 PST 201: Prescribed Text Compulsory Compulsory

PST 202: Background to Early Buddhism Compulsory Optional

PST 203: Theravada Vinaya Compulsory Optional

PST 204: Methodology for Pali Studies Compulsory Optional

Semester 2 PST 210: Unspecified Texts, Prose Composition and

History of Pali Literature I Compulsory Compulsory

PST 212: Early Buddhism Compulsory Optional

PST 213: Social and Political Philosophy of Buddhism Compulsory Optional

300 level Semester 1 PST 301: Prescribed Texts Compulsory Optional

PST 302: Unspecified Texts, Prose Composition and

History of Pali Literature II Compulsory Compulsory

PST 303 History of Pali Grammar Compulsory Optional

PST 313 Introduction to Pali Optional Optional

PST 314 Textual Criticism Optional Optional

PST 315 AbhidharmaI Optional Optional

Semester 2 PST 310 Prescribed Texts Compulsory Compulsory

PST 311 Pali Commentarial Tradition Compulsory Optional

PST 312 Introduction to Sanskrit Compulsory Optional

PST 316 Abhidhamma II Optional Optional

400 level Semester 1 PST 401 Prescribed Texts Compulsory Optional

PST 402 Prakrit and Buddhist Sanskrit Texts Compulsory Optional

PST 412 Pali Vamsa Literature Optional Optional

PST 413 Sutta Studies Optional Optional

PST 498 Dissertation Compulsory Not applicable

Semester 2 PST 410 Unspecified Texts and Prose Composition Compulsory Optional

PST 411 Schools of Buddhism Compulsory Optional

PST 414 Buddhist Psychology Optional Optional

PST 498 Dissertation Compulsory Not applicable

•  Graduate Degree Programmes :

Students may enroll for Master of Arts, Master of Philosophy or Doctor of Philosophy programmes in Pali or in Buddhist Studies. The Faculty of Arts calls for applications for enrollment in the Diploma and Master's Degree Programmes annually by newspaper advertisement. Students may apply for enrollment in the Doctor of Philosophy Programmes during any time of the academic year.

Post Graduate Diploma

Diploma in Pali Studies

Postgraduate Diploma in Pali Studies

Objective: to provide competitive research, presentation and textual and writing skills in Pali and Buddhist studies.

Course Content: The course will demonstrate the use of various methods and methodologies employed in social sciences for Pali and Buddhist studies. The course will draw largely from Buddhist scriptures in various source languages, exegeses, hermeneutics, and the investigation of vernacular literatures and chronicles.

Selected books and journal articles will be critically examined to identify strengths and weaknesses in presentation, textual editing and exegeses. Other topics include formulation of research questions and research problems, selection of samples, collection of data, taking notes, documenting sources, evaluating literature and oral presentation techniques.

PST 502: Prescribed Texts

Objective: to develop analytical exegeses and hermeneutic skills

Course Content: In this course the P Œ r Œ yanavagga of the Suttanip Œ ta and the Hatthavanagallavih Œ rava µ sa will be studied. A critical and comprehensive knowledge of the main doctrinal ideas discussed in these texts and the social, economic, political and religious conditions reflected therein is expected. A critical examination of the literary style and grammatical features of the texts and improved translation skills will also be expected. The texts should be studied paying attention to the exegetical literature as well as modern scholarly works on them.

PST 503: Buddhism in the Pali Canon

Objective: to study Buddhist teachings represented in the Pali canonical scriptures.

Course Content: Canonical discourses will be selected to represent major areas of the Buddha's teaching, such as epistemology, theory of reality, ethics, psychology and social philosophy for a detailed comparative and critical analysis. Special attention will be paid to the view that the Sutta literature of the Pali canon represents the original teachings of Buddhism. The study will also involve a critical study of interpretations of the canonical teachings by recent scholars.

PST 504: Pali Translation and Composition

Objective: to introduce different sentence styles, functions and structural patterns of the canonical and post-canonical Pali texts

Course Content: The course will focus on translating selected Pali prose passages and verses into English/Sinhala with annotations where necessary. Students will also be required to acquire the ability to translate English/Sinhala passages into Pali. Attention will be paid to preserving the idiom of the language in translation. Students will also be encouraged to compose simple g Πth Πs and write short compositions under given topics.

PST 505: Pali Grammar and Syntax

Objective: to teach advanced Pali grammar and syntax enabling students to be competent in translating from Sinhala/ English into Pali and from Pali into Sinhala/ English.

Course Content: Passages will be selected for discussion in class from different strata of Pali literature in order to familiarize students with the development of the Pali language. Exercises in translation will be conducted regularly. Conjunction, combinations, syntax, participles, and verbs will be studied in detail using both traditional grammatical texts and historical grammar.

Objective: to provide competitive research, presentation and textual and writing skills in Pali and Buddhist studies.

Course Content: The course will demonstrate the use of various methods and methodologies employed in social sciences for Pali and Buddhist studies. The course will draw largely from Buddhist scriptures in various source languages, exegeses, hermeneutics, and the investigation of vernacular literatures and chronicles.

Selected books and journal articles will be critically examined to identify strengths and weaknesses in presentation, textual editing and exegeses. Other topics include formulation of research questions and research problems, selection of samples, collection of data, taking notes, documenting sources, evaluating literature and oral presentation techniques.

BST 502: Background to Early Buddhism

Objective: to teach the historical background of early Buddhism in the light of the pre-Vedic, Vedic and non-Vedic religious systems of India known at the time of the Buddha; to enable students to identify and understand the formation of and distinctive characteristics of the early Buddhist thought with both the thought of the § rama ö ic tradition and that of the Vedas and the Brahmanism at the time of the Buddha.

Course Content: Types of religious beings (yogis, munis, vr Œ tya, priests), practices (yoga, yaj – a, ahi µ s Œ ), and concepts ( ¨ ta, dharma, karma, rebirth, bhukti, mukti, God, gods and goddesses, Brahman, î tman, j ´ va-aj ´ va, § Œ § vata, uccheda and sa µ § aya) of the pre-Buddhist India and at the time of the Buddha will be studied drawing data from the findings of the Indus Valley Civilization, the four Vedas, the Br Œ hma ö as, the î ra ö yakas, the Upani · ads, the Jaina texts, and also the early Buddhist texts.

•  Postgraduate Diploma in Buddhist Studies

Objective: to provide competitive research, presentation and textual and writing skills in Pali and Buddhist studies.

Course Content: The course will demonstrate the use of various methods and methodologies employed in social sciences for Pali and Buddhist studies. The course will draw largely from Buddhist scriptures in various source languages, exegeses, hermeneutics, and the investigation of vernacular literatures and chronicles.

Selected books and journal articles will be critically examined to identify strengths and weaknesses in presentation, textual editing and exegeses. Other topics include formulation of research questions and research problems, selection of samples, collection of data, taking notes, documenting sources, evaluating literature and oral presentation techniques.

BST 502: Background to Early Buddhism

Objective: to teach the historical background of early Buddhism in the light of the pre-Vedic, Vedic and non-Vedic religious systems of India known at the time of the Buddha; to enable students to identify and understand the formation of and distinctive characteristics of the early Buddhist thought with both the thought of the § rama ö ic tradition and that of the Vedas and the Brahmanism at the time of the Buddha.

Course Content: Types of religious beings (yogis, munis, vr Œ tya, priests), practices (yoga, yaj – a, ahi µ s Œ ), and concepts ( ¨ ta, dharma, karma, rebirth, bhukti, mukti, God, gods and goddesses, Brahman, î tman, j ´ va-aj ´ va, § Œ § vata, uccheda and sa µ § aya) of the pre-Buddhist India and at the time of the Buddha will be studied drawing data from the findings of the Indus Valley Civilization, the four Vedas, the Br Œ hma ö as, the î ra ö yakas, the Upani · ads, the Jaina texts, and also the early Buddhist texts.

BST 503: Buddhism in the Pali Canon

Objective: to study Buddhist teachings represented in the Pali canonical scriptures.

Course Content: Canonical discourses will be selected to represent major areas of the Buddha's teaching, such as epistemology, theory of reality, ethics, psychology and social philosophy for a detailed comparative and critical analysis. Special attention will be paid to the view that the Sutta literature of the Pali canon represents the original teachings of Buddhism. The study will also involve a critical study of interpretations of the canonical teachings by recent scholars.

BST 504: Development of Buddhist Doctrines

Objective: to make a comprehensive study of the development of Buddhist doctrines within both Therav Πda and Non-Therav Πda Buddhist traditions.

Course Content: Attention will be paid to topics such as the three councils, emergence of the Mah Œ sa º ghika and the eighteen Buddhist sects, origin and development of the schools and their historical expansion, literary, philosophical and doctrinal contributions of prominent teachers belonging to each school. Students should also be able to compare and contrast the teachings of different schools such as Abhidhammic developments of the Therav Œ da and the Sarv Œ stiv Œ da.

BST 505: Buddhism in Modern Sri Lanka

Objective: to introduce the religious changes that emerged in traditional Sri Lankan culture in the modern period beginning with the arrival of Europeans and their mercantilism and capitalism in the 16th century.

Course Content: The course will focus on how the traditional social and economic patterns on which the Sri Lankan Buddhist culture depended were disrupted and eventually displaced by the new patterns, and how the Buddhists in Sri Lanka responded to European colonization, Christian missionary activities, and to the revolution of modernization by reinterpreting and re-organizing her Buddhist tradition while also reacting against and imitating the European powers and Christianity.

BST 506: Buddhist Culture of Ancient Sri Lanka

Objective: to study the cultural history of Sri Lanka between the 3rd century B.C. and the 14th Century C.E.

Course Content: The course will involve the study of the religious conditions in Sri Lanka prior to the introduction of Buddhism, events related to the introduction of Buddhism, Indianization and its cultural influences, establishment and expansion of Buddhism, the role of Mah Œ vih Œ ra and Abhayagirivih Œ ra in the history of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, monastic life, the Ara ö yav Œ s ´ and the Gr Œ mav Œ s ´ traditions, sangha and state, influence of Mahayana Buddhism, literary and intellectual activities, m

aterial culture, foreign cultural relationships, historical challenges and strengthening and preservation of the Buddha s Πsana and the growth of nationalism.

Objective: to study the Asian religious thought and culture by examining important philosophical, religious and cultural concepts of a selected traditional country in South, Southeast or East Asia.

Course Content: The course will examine the way Buddhism either came to dominate or adjusted to co-exist with various other traditional and new religious traditions while forming and nurturing the overall religious thought and culture in the given country over the centuries. In addition to a historical survey of Buddhism and other religions of the country, such topics as philosophical concepts, the objects of worship, the worshipers, the places of worship, the calendar festivals, and rites of passage will also be studied. By studying these topics students are expected to develop skills to identify the general categories of the Asian religious thought and culture and to generate a comparative framework to understand religions and religious themes of various other Asian and non-Asian countries and cultures where Buddhism co-exists with other religions.

MA/MPhil

MA/MPhil in Pali Studies

PST 601: Editing and Translating Pali Texts

Objective: to teach the methods of editing and translating texts in order to acquire competence to produce critical editions and translations of Pali texts.

Course Content: Problems of both editing and translating a Pali text and the possible solutions to them will be discussed in the light of the methods employed by the editors and translators of Pali texts and those of related languages. The theoretical and the practical components of reading various Pali scripts (Sinhala, Thai, Lanna, Burmese etc), handle and record manuscripts, draw genealogical trees of manuscripts, assign sigla to manuscripts, record variant readings, recognize corruptions, use abbreviations, identify metres, find parallels, use electronic means, write introductions, translate idiomatically, and prepare indices and bibliographies.

PST 602: Abhidharma Literature

Objective: to study the origin and development of the Abhidharma literature in the Theravada and other schools of Buddhism.

Course Content : An attempt will be made to trace the origins of the Abhidharma method in the Suttas and other early canonical texts, paying special attention to the Niddesa and the Pa   isambhid Œ magga that represent the beginnings of the Abhidhamma method of analysis. A study of the contents of the seven canonical Abidhamma texts of the Theravada tradition and the seven Abhidharma texts of the Sarv Œ stiv Œ da tradition will be carried out. Introduction of the extant post canonical Abhidharma literature, including the commentaries in Pali, Sanskrit and Chinese with a view to understanding the independent growth of the Abhidharma literature in the different traditions as well as the mutual influences between them will be taught.

PST 603: Textual Study

Objective: to develop textual analytical skills through a detailed study of one of the texts selected from among the Suttanip Œ ta, Therag Œ th Œ , Ther ´ g Œ th Œ , Pe   akopadesa, Nettippakara ö a, Visuddhimagga.

Course Content : The study will involve a critical discussion of the chronology of the text, its grammatical and literary characteristics, the doctrine, ideology or philosophy it represents, its significance in the history of Pali literature and the development of Buddhist ideas.

PST 604: Vinaya Literature.

Objective: to provide a comprehensive knowledge of the Vinaya texts, commentaries ( a Ê Ê hakath Œ ) and sub commentaries ( Ê ´ k Œ ).

Course Content : The following topics will be covered in this course: (1) P Œ r Œ jik Œ p Œ  i (2) P Œ cittiyap Œ  i and Pariv Œ rap Œ  I (3) Cullavaggap Œ  i and Mah Œ vaggap Œ  I (4) Samantap Œ s Œ dik Œ Vinaya Commentary (5) Vinayavinicchaya Ê ´ k Œ (6) Post Vinaya Texts.

PST 605: Pali Grammatical Literature .

Objective: to familiarize grammatical texts such as Kacc Œ yana, Moggall ¢ na, and Saddan ´ ti and critically examine their contents, author, period, and importance.

Course Content : Identification of differences among various traditions and to study the grammatical texts composed with reference to these traditions and their grammatical features and literary style, and a substantial study on the following topics: (1) A review of opinions regarding the origin of Pali grammar, (2) Kacc ¢ yana Pali, (3) Moggall ¢ na Pali, (4) Saddan ´ ti, (5) Texts composed with reference to Kacc ¢ yana, (6) Texts Composed with reference to Moggall ¢ na, (7) Texts Composed with reference to Saddan ´ ti, and (8) Post Grammatical texts.

PST 606: Buddhist Sanskrit Texts

Objective: to improve the ability to read and understand the contents of the prescribed texts in original Buddhist Sanskrit language.

Course Content : In this course attention will be paid to the discussion of the chronology of the selected texts. The texts will be studied paying special attention to the development of Buddhalogical speculations and other religions and philosophical concepts representing the origin and evolution of Mahayana Buddhist teachings;Translation into Sinhala/ English from the prescribed texts;Two of the following texts will selected for studying: (1) The Divy Œ vad Œ na, (2) The Mah Œ vastu, (3) The Saddharmapu ö ¶ ar ´ kas è tra, (4) La º k Œ vat Œ ras è tra, (5) The î rya § Œ listambas è tra, and (6) The Sukh Œ vat ´ vy è hasutra (both c è la and mah Œ ).

MA/Mphil in Buddhist Studies

Objective: to provide the student with a theoretical knowledge as well as practical experience in Buddhist counseling psychology. (The student is expected to have a basic understanding of modern principles and methods of counseling and to be able to relate them to those known to the Buddhist tradition.)

Course Content: The main topics covered in the course will be: The Buddhist world-view and the place of man in it; the mind and personality according to Buddhism; the nature of counseling; introduction to the relationship between Buddhism and counseling psychology; comparative study of the goals and objectives of Buddhist counseling and modern counseling; qualities required of a counselor from the Buddhist perspective; specific counseling techniques of Buddhism related to the management of emotions; methods of mind culture, development of mindfulness and insight and other positive qualities of mind such as faculties ( indriya ), powers ( bala ), factors of enlightenment ( bojjha º ga ); the forms of right endeavour ( sammappadh Œ na ) and bases of psychic potency ( iddhip Œ da ). The course will also involve a practical component consisting of the student's direct counseling experience in actual counselor client relationships.

BST 603: Buddhist Thought and Current Social Problems

Objective: to examine the relevance of the teachings of the Buddha to the resolution of current social problems.

Course Content: An attempt will be made in this course to examine critically the view that Buddhism is a life denying and asocial religion that has no relevance to the social life of the people. The theoretical and practical implications of the Buddha's teachings to problems such as war and violence, religious, ethnic and sexual discrimination, environmental pollution, poverty, youth unrest, alcoholism and drug addiction, value problems in contemporary society, and human rights will be taken up for special study.

BST 604: The Buddha Concept

Objective: to study the development of the Buddha concept in the different Buddhist traditions paying attention to the historical, religious and philosophical reasons that influenced these developments.

Course Content: Attention will be paid to the concept of Buddha in early Buddhism with special reference to the Pali Nik Œ yas, the development of a biography of the Buddha, the emergence of the doctrine of plurality of Buddhas, the idea of Buddhak · etra, apotheosis of the Buddha, the doctrine of the bodies of the Buddha, the Bodhisattva doctrine and the concept of the three Y Œ nas and the Tath Œ gatagarbha doctrine.

BST 605: Therav Πda Buddhist Soteriology

Objective: to study the Buddhist concepts of liberation/s (vimutti) and liberated ones (vimutta) as presented in the early texts of the Pali canon enabling them to use that understanding for a critical evaluation of the traditional and modern scholarly discussions on Buddhist soteriology.

Course Content: Some of the topics that will be discussed in this course are: vimutti and nibb Œ na, saup Œ disesa- and anup Œ disesa-nibb Œ nas, nibb Œ na and parinibb Œ na, cetovimutti, jh Œ nas, sam Œ pattis, brahmavih Œ ras, animitt Œ and su – – at Œ cetovimuttis, samayavimutti and asamayavimutti, pa – – Œ vimutti and pa – – Œ vimutta, samm Œ vimutta, akupp Œ cetovimutti, anup Œ d Œ cittassa vimutti, a Ê Ê havimokkh Œ , sa – – Œ vedayitanirodha, sekha and asekha, sot Œ panna, sakad Œ g Œ mi, an Œ g Œ mi, arahat, k Œ yasakkhi, di Ê Ê hippatta, saddh Œ vimutta, dhamm Œ nus Œ ri, saddh Œ nus Œ ri, gotrabh è , ubhatobh Œ gavimutta, tevijj Œ , cha  abhi – – Œ , samm Œ sambuddha, tath Œ gata, and paccekabuddha. By the end of the course, students are expected to submit two paper assignments on a selected topic related to the above, one reviewing the modern scholarly works on the topic and the other presenting the canonical teachings and traditional interpretations on it.

BST 606: Buddhist Art and Architecture of Sri Lanka

Objective: to provide the student with a critical and analytical understanding of Buddhist architecture, sculpture, and painting in Sri Lanka from the time of the advent of Buddhism up to the end of the Kandyan period.

Course Content: It includes the study of pre-Buddhist origins of Sri Lankan art and architecture; the way they were modified to suit the changing needs with the impact of Buddhism; the origin and development of Buddhist monasteries and monastic complexes; the origin, techniques, styles, and special features of the Sri Lankan Buddha image, the moonstones, balustrades, different sculptural motifs etc; Buddhist paintings and their special marks of identification, alien and indigenous techniques and styles of painting.

BST 607: Buddhism in Contemporary Sri Lanka

Objective: to study the current state and prominent features of Buddhism in Sri Lanka. Course Content: Attention will be paid to the role of the sangha in contemporary Sri Lankan society, nature of the relationship between the laity and the sangha , influence of Buddhism on the moral, economic and political life of the people, characteristics of contemporary Buddhist practices, place of Buddhism in the educational system, Buddhist scholarship in Sri Lanka, inter-religious relationships, Buddhist organizations and their activities, and Buddhist perceptions regarding problems and challenges faced by the Buddhist community.

  PhD in Pali Studies and Buddhist Studies

The Doctor of Philosophy programme is by research only. Please contact the Head of the Department of Pali and Buddhist Studies for details.

  Certificate Course in Buddhist Studies

The Department of Pali and Buddhist Studies of the University of Peradeniya offer the Certificate in Buddhist Studies Course as an extension course. This course is intended to cater to the needs of the following:

1. Those who desire to improve their knowledge and understanding of Buddhism, but who are unable to join the university as its full-time students.

2. Dhamma teachers in government schools, Sunday schools and other institutes of dhamma education who wish to acquire a clearer understanding of Buddhist history and culture and the fundamental teachings of Buddhism.

3. Local and foreign students who wish to pursue Buddhist studies as part of a liberal arts education.

Course Description

1. Theravada Buddhism: Basic Doctrines

The course will be based mainly on the teachings of the Pali Nikayas and will focus attention on topics such as the Buddha's search for the meaning of life and the significance of his enlightment; the Buddha's analysis of world-views; the Buddha's analysis of the means of knowledge and the concept of truth; the analysis of the human condition: tilakkha a, pa iccasamupp da, kamma and rebirth; the nature of the ultimate goal of Buddhism in comparison with other religious and philosophical views about desirable human goals. In the study of these topics attention will be paid to the pre-Buddhist religious and philosophical background.

2. Elementary Pali Grammar and Translation

The aim of this course is to teach the elementary level of Pali grammar and translation so that at the end of the course students will be able to read, understand, and translate simple Pali sutta passages. The course consists of teaching such grammatical topics as the Pali alphabet, pronunciation, parts of speech, genders, numbers, cases, declension of nouns, conjugation of verbs, tenses, adjectives, adverbs, infinitives, pronouns, numerals, and syntax. Throughout the course students will practice in class pronunciation and translation of selected simple sutta passages.

3. Buddhism and Society

This course will introduce the student to the Buddhist teaching on the nature, origin and evolution of society; the Buddhist attitude to social divisions and the teachings relating to the oneness of the human race; economic and political life in society; law and social justice; analysis and resolution of social conflicts; social ethics and the family life; Social relevance of the path and the goal; Buddhist principles of social organization; Role of the Sangha in a Buddhist society.

4. Elements of Buddhist Culture

This course will focus attention on the distinctive characteristics of Buddhist culture and the role of Buddhism as a civilizing force; Buddhist ritual and its meaning and function; Buddhist ceremonies; forms of worship.

5. Buddhism and Mental Health

The aim of this course is to introduce the student to the therapeutic aspects of the psychological teachings of Buddhism. Attention will be focussed on the distinction made in Buddhism between bodily and mental disease. The student will be introduced to the basic techniques in Buddhism that could be applied in the management and overcoming of psychological tensions and stresses in daily life through the cultivation of self-knowledge, self-awareness and mindfulness. Attention will be paid to the significance of Buddhist teachings for purposes of psychological counselling.

•  Buddhist Ethics

The objective of this course is to give the student an understanding of the ethical values of Buddhism; the Buddhist concept of the good life; the ground for the distinction between moral virtues and vices; the criteria for making the distinction between good and bad, right and wrong; the place accorded in Buddhism to ethical values in individual and social life.

Examination and Scheme of Evaluation

An examination will be held at the end of the academic year in each of the prescribed courses. Students are required to obtain a minimum of forty marks to pass any course. The minimum requirement for a student to pass the examination is to obtain pass marks in at least five courses with an average of forty marks in all courses offered, with not less than 30 marks for the failed subject.

Certificate

Students who pass the examination will be awarded a certificate for the successful completion of Certificate in Buddhist Studies.

•  Certificate Course in Pali Language

•  Casual Students (specially arranged)